1AEO Blog

Updates, insights, and community posts from 1st Amendment Encrypted Openness.

Tor Memory Optimization: What Actually Works

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

After testing allocators, config tweaks, and restarts across 100+ relays, we found that switching to mimalloc or jemalloc is the only fix that actually stops Tor guard memory from ballooning to 5+ GB. Read more

Solving Tor Memory Fragmentation with Custom Allocators

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

Our 90-relay experiment on Ubuntu 24.04 proves that swapping glibc for mimalloc (79% reduction) or jemalloc (71% reduction) keeps Tor guards under 2 GB without recompiling or losing Guard status. Read more

The DirCache Dilemma: The Fix We Can't Reduce Guard Memory With

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

Disabling DirCache cuts memory by 94%, but it also removes your Guard flag—making it a diagnostic proof point rather than a viable solution for production Guard relays. Read more

The MaxMemInQueues Myth For Guard Memory

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

Despite its promising name, MaxMemInQueues only limits circuit buffers—not the directory cache fragmentation that actually causes Tor relays to bloat to 5 GB. Read more

Periodic Restarts: A Brute-Force Workaround for Guard Memory

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

Scheduled restarts can reduce memory by up to 19%, but they disrupt circuits and still leave you at 4.5 GB—use them only as a stopgap while migrating to a better allocator. Read more

MaxConsensusAgeForDiffs: Why Limiting Consensus Cache Doesn't Help Guard Memory

By 1AEO Team • Jan 5, 2026

Limiting how long Tor keeps consensus diffs had zero impact on memory—all test groups ended at 5.6–5.8 GB, proving the fragmentation problem lies in glibc, not cache retention. Read more

Navigating Top Relay Trackers: Measure and Compare Tor Nodes

By 1AEO Team • May 26, 2025

A straightforward guide to the leading Tor relay dashboards—compare their bandwidth stats, update frequency, map views, and detailed features to monitor your nodes and network with ease. Read more

BGP Configuration Files for Tor Relay Servers

By 1AEO Team • May 1, 2025

Supercharge your Tor relay deployments with turnkey BGP configs that take you from zero to announced in minutes. Read more

Full-Throttle Tor: Real-World 10 Gbps Performance

By 1AEO Team • April 30, 2025

Running a 10 Gbps Tor relay at maximum capacity reveals lessons every operator should know before scaling up. Read more

High-Capacity Relays: Can Bigger Bandwidth Make a Bigger Difference?

By 1AEO Team • March 31, 2025

A recent thread on the Tor-relays list raises a fundamental question for operators: is it better to deploy a single high-capacity server, or several smaller ones distributed across locations and providers? Read more